Kantor, RamiKatzenstein, David AEfron, BradCarvalho, Ana PatriciaWynhoven, BrianCane, PatriciaClarke, JohnSirivichayakul, SuneeSoares, Marcelo ASnoeck, JokePillay, CandiceRudich, HagitRodrigues, RosangelaHolguin, AfricaMorris, LynnVandamme, Anne-MiekeTanuri, AmilcarPhanuphak, PraphanWeber, Jonathan NPillay, DeenanHarrigan, Richard PCamacho, RicardoSchapiro, Jonathan MShafer, Robert W2024-05-232024-05-232005-04-26https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020112https://repositorio.huesped.org.ar/handle/123456789/1375Fil: Kantor R. Division of Infectious Disease and Center for AIDS Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California; USABackground The genetic differences among HIV-1 subtypes may be critical to clinical management and drug resistance surveillance as antiretroviral treatment is expanded to regions of the world where diverse non-subtype-B viruses predominate. Methods and Findings To assess the impact of HIV-1 subtype and antiretroviral treatment on the distribution of mutations in protease and reverse transcriptase, a binomial response model using subtype and treatment as explanatory variables was used to analyze a large compiled dataset of non-subtype-B HIV-1 sequences. Non-subtype-B sequences from 3,686 persons with well characterized antiretroviral treatment histories were analyzed in comparison to subtype B sequences from 4,769 persons. The non-subtype-B sequences included 461 with subtype A, 1,185 with C, 331 with D, 245 with F, 293 with G, 513 with CRF01_AE, and 618 with CRF02_AG. Each of the 55 known subtype B drug-resistance mutations occurred in at least one non-B isolate, and 44 (80%) of these mutations were significantly associated with antiretroviral treatment in at least one non-B subtype. Conversely, of 67 mutations found to be associated with antiretroviral therapy in at least one non-B subtype, 61 were also associated with antiretroviral therapy in subtype B isolates. Conclusion Global surveillance and genotypic assessment of drug resistance should focus primarily on the known subtype B drug-resistance mutations.application/pdfopenAccessHIV-1Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveArticulo